RESEARCH ARTICLE


Sputum Induction in Children and Adolescents with Problematic Severe Asthma: Success Rate, Safety and Tolerability



Cristiane de Abreu T. Ricci1, Laura Maria de Lima B. F. Lasmar*, 2, Paulo M. Pitrez 3, Raimundo F. Mascarenhas2, Paulo A. M. Camargos2
1 Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
2 Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, University Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
3 Biomedical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Article Information


Identifiers and Pagination:

Year: 2015
Volume: 8
First Page: 7
Last Page: 13
Publisher Id: TOALLJ-8-7
DOI: 10.2174/1874838401508010007

Article History:

Received Date: 1/7/2014
Revision Received Date: 2/5/2015
Acceptance Date: 5/2/2015
Electronic publication date: 31/3/2015
Collection year: 2015

© 2015 Ricci et al;

open-access license: This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Public License (CC-BY 4.0), a copy of which is available at: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

* Address correspondence to this author at the Avenida Alfredo Balena 190, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil; CEP: 30130-100, Tel: +55-31-3409-9300; Fax: +55-31-3409-9300; E-mail: laurabl@medicina.ufmg.b


Abstract

Background:

In problematic severe asthma (PSA), inflammatory phenotypes can by identified by assessing cellularity in induced sputum (IS) samples. However, there have been few studies employing sputum induction (SI) in pediatric patients.

Objectives:

To assess the success rate, safety and tolerability of SI, as well as IS sample cellularity, in pediatric PSA patients.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 44 pediatric PSA patients. We collected IS samples using inhalations of nebulized saline solution. On the basis of the post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1, % of predicted), we administered nebulization with 4.5% hypertonic saline (for patients with an FEV1 ≥ 60%) or 0.9% isotonic saline (for those with an FEV1 < 60%). We classified IS samples as satisfactory if there was ≤ 20% squamous cell contamination and cell viability was > 50%.

Results:

The observed success rate was 75% (95% CI: 60-86). Most of the patients provided satisfactory samples, although multiple SI sessions were required in some cases (27%). In comparison with the IS samples containing > 20% squamous cells, those containing ≤ 20% showed significantly more neutrophils (P = 0.02) and eosinophils (P = 0.03). The most common adverse events were mild wheezing (in 14%) and salty taste (in 9%). In 8% of the sessions, there was a ≥ 20% decrease in FEV1.

Conclusion:

In our sample of pediatric patients with PSA, sputum induction was safe and generally well tolerated, suggesting that it could be useful in the assessment of inflammatory processes in such patients.

Keywords: Adolescent , asthma, child, eosinophils, inflammation, sputum, safety.